The role of sublimation in the process of subjectification of Lesya Ukrainka

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to describe the mental mechanism of Lesia
Ukrainka’s subjectivation. Theoretical basis - the concepts of Sigmund Freud,
Benno Rosenberg, Melanie Klein, Joyce McDougall. The subject is formed
through masochism, separation and sublimation. Benno Rosenberg says that a
person can feel like a subject because of physical or moral pain. Melanie Klein
writes in her theory that the subject is born through separation, it must be
separated from the primary object, ie the mother. Joyce McDougall says that a
single subject is born in creativity, that is, in the process of sublimation. Results.
A study of Lesya Ukrainka’s biography, work, and letters revealed all these
mental processes that helped Lesya Ukrainka emerge as a separate entity.
Examining Lesya's relationship with her mother, it was noticeable that Lesya was
very attached to her mother, she wanted her mother to be around more often, she
was able to keep her close due to illness, and she in turn pushed Lesya on her
writing career. The desire to be close to the mother, to be like her and to become
a separate subject, different from her, was fought in her. And it was through
separation from the mother figure, physical and moral masochism and sublimation that Lesya Ukrainka became a separate person, a talented writer and
an outstanding person. For the separation of Lesya, Ukrainians were helped by
numerous relocations and relationships that were not approved by her mother,
marriage to Kliment Kvitka. Physical masochism is her illness that helped her
feel herself, her body. She has become a subject who suffers from mental pain
that has permeated her entire life, including mental loss. Conclusions. And it
was thanks to separation and masochism that Lesya Ukrainka was able to
sublimate all these experiences and invest them in drama, which made her an
outstanding writer better known than her mother. It was in her work that Lesya
Ukainka became such an outstanding playwright because of her pain. Lesya
herself often writes about this in her letters and works, realizing that true deep
creativity is born in suffering.